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本文比较了不同条件下干凝胶的吸水率、硅的转化率,并结合胶凝速率的测定等来研究正硅酸乙酯的水解和胶凝过程。试验表明在乙醇溶液中水解形成凝胶的过程与硅酸水溶胶的胶凝过程有些相似。胶凝速率取决于溶胶的电化学性质。而水解速率随介质条件而异,用HCl作催化剂时,水解速率快,得到凝胶的表观密度约1.24g/cm3,而用NH4OH作催化剂时水解速率减慢,所得凝胶的表观密度减小,并易于热解,不需热压而成整块玻璃。凝胶法制成的石英玻璃的一些物化性质与常规法试样所得数据可比。
Abstract：By making the comparisons of water adsorption of the dry gels and silica yields and takinginto consideration of the determination of gelling rate etc. under different conditions,the hydrolysis and the gelling process of Si(OEt)4 were studied. Experiments indicatethat the gelling process of the hydrolyzed Si(OEt)4 in ethanol solution is somewhatsimilar as the gelling process of silica sol. The gelling rate is determined by the elec-tro-chemical characteristics of the sol.Furthermore, the hydrolyzing rate depends first ofall upon the conditions of the medium used.The hydrolyzing rate is quickened with HClas catalyst, and the gel obtained has a bulk density about 1.24g/cm3. While using NH4OHas catalyst, the hydrolyzing rate slows down.The gel thus obtained has a lower bulk den-sity, and it is pyrolyzed rather easily to form the monolithic glass without hot pressing.The physical and chemical properties of silica glass produced by the gel techniques can becompared with the data of those produced by the conventional methods.
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[1]俞包廷,刘小明,王裕光.正硅酸乙酯的水解和胶凝过程的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,1981(04):388-394.
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